Cat News

Arthritis, Joint & Pain Support for Cats

8 September, 2015

Using natural, non-toxic nutritional supplements, herbs and homeopathics for Arthritis, Joint & Pain Support for Cats is just as effective as conventional methods, without the side effects. Is your kitty struggling to jump up on their favourite furniture or window sill? This may be a sign that your cat’s joints are becoming stiff, sore and inflamed. Most pain-relieving drugs have side effects, especially when used long term, however there are a number of natural alternatives (see below) that we have had excellent results with. We have helped hundreds of animals with arthritis over the last 25 years. There are a…

Bad Breath in Dogs or Cats – Is it Normal?

25 March, 2024

Yes, it’s true that your pet’s breath doesn’t always smell fresh and minty! Pets are notorious for eating various things, including some pretty smelly stuff like cat poop, dead animals, or even nappies. However, persistent bad breath in pets is not normal and can indicate an underlying issue. Common Causes of Bad Breath How to help resolve Bad Breath While the occasional unpleasant breath might not be cause for concern, if your pet’s breath consistently smells bad, it’s essential to have them examined by your local veterinarian. Addressing the underlying cause is crucial for their overall health and well-being. Regular…

BioCompatibility Testing For Animals

9 September, 2015

BioCompatibility Testing For Animals is a great tool to help with many health issues. Does your animal suffer from any of the following: Find out which foods are making him/her unwell Many animals suffer from allergies and this can be the result of eating bio-incompatible foods over a period of time. Allergic reactions are accumulative and a visible reaction may not take place for up to four days. Often animals will crave the very foods they are reacting to. Contact with an allergy increases inflammatory mediators in the blood, which then inflames tissue in any part of the body. In…

Cat Diet – Feeding Naturally

3 September, 2020

Cats are strict carnivores and have a high protein requirement. Their diet should be totally raw, and should not contain any canned or dry foods. They can not survive on a vegetarian or vegan diet. 90% daily ration * It is good to include some large chunks of meat to encourage chewing.* If feeding minced meat, ensure it is free from all preservatives. 10% daily ration Optional extras How much to feed The amounts fed can vary depending on how active your cat is, so this is a rough guide only and you may increase or decrease quantities to ensure…

Diatomaceous Earth Uses

22 November, 2019

What is it? There are two different grades of Diatomaceous earth (DE); Food grade and Pool grade. Food grade diatomaceous earth is safe to use for the home, yards, and animals. Pool grade diatomaceous earth is altered by high heat and is only safe to use in pools. This should never be given to animals.   DE is a naturally occurring siliceous sedimentary mineral compound from remains of tiny  fossilized water plants called diatoms.  These plants have been part of the earth’s ecology since prehistoric times. 30 million years ago the diatoms built up into deep, chalky deposits of diatomite. The diatoms…

Digestive Upsets in Cats

23 July, 2018

Do you find your cat often regurgitates her dinner shortly after feeding? Or perhaps she sometimes suffers from a sudden bout of diarrhoea, that you just can’t quite get to the bottom of (if you’ll excuse the pun!)? Or maybe she loses her appetite occasionally, no matter how much you tempt her with her favourite food? Below is a Natural Approach for Digestive Upsets in Cats… If you have experienced any of the above issues with your cat, you’re not alone. Just like us humans, dogs, cats, rabbits and even our avian friends can suffer from many different types of…

Does your pet eat weird things?

14 October, 2022

Why is my pet eating weird things? Eating strange items like dirt, sand, poop, clay, paper, chalk, plastic, metal or fabric is referred to as pica. Pica can lead to gastric upset including intestinal obstructions from ingesting indigestible objects, so it is important to try and stop this behaviour to avoid serious complications. If your dog is eating poop, then click the link to read our blog – Why does my dog eat poop. What is the cause of pica? It can be difficult to find the cause of pica as it can be due to a range of health…

Flea Control – Natural Alternatives

8 September, 2015

Flea Control – Natural alternatives are available so you don’t need to poison your animals with chemicals or drugs. Did you know? Choose Natural Alternatives Natural treatments can work equally effectively as the chemical products but will require more frequent use than the artificial treatments. It’s concerning when anthing topical has a warning to avoid contact with human skin yet is supposedly okay to apply to your animal’s skin? (Why is this supposedly okay… I wonder?) Personally, anything that is not safe for human skin contact should not be used on an animal. Regular grooming and running a flea comb through the coat…

Flower Essences for all Species

2 May, 2025

Gentle, safe, and effective support for all species. Flower essences offer a gentle and holistic way to support the emotional wellbeing of animals. Whether it’s an anxious dog, a clingy cat, or a horse struggling with past trauma, flower essences can provide calm and balance without side effects or interactions. Safe and Non-Invasive One of the most appealing aspects of flower essences is their exceptional safety profile. They can be used for all species of all ages — including dogs, cats, horses, birds, rabbits, and even reptiles with no risk of overdose or adverse reactions. They are also safe to…

Flower Essences for Cats

8 September, 2015

Flower essences for cats Physical health conditions often manifest from deeper emotional imbalances. For example: a toilet trained indoor cat may suddenly start urinating inside when a new neighbourhood cat starts hanging around at night. Anxiety, jealousy, anger, loneliness, resentment and other stresses can affect pets just as they affect people, causing a number of health related conditions. In cases such as this, it is necessary to work on the pet’s emotional well being, rather than just treating the physical symptoms. Behavioural problems such as biting and aggression may also benefit from flower essences. It should be combined with appropriate…

FLUTD Feline Lower Urinary Tract Disease

23 August, 2022

FLUTD Feline Lower Urinary Tract Disease is a term used to describe conditions that affect the urinary tract of cats. Some symptoms that may occur with FLUTD include Some cats may show one or more of the above symptoms when suffering from FLUTD. This condition is more frequently seen in cats that are neutered, overweight, lead a very sedentary lifestyle, live completely indoors or fed on dry food. FLUTD causes may include How to help prevent FLUTD Natural supplements that may support cats with FLUTD Take measures to help reduce stress What to feed cats to maintain a healthy urinary…

Garlic – Toxic or Health Food?

16 December, 2020

Using Garlic in Dog & Cat Food: Garlic has been widely used as both a culinary and medicinal herb for thousands of years, both for people and animals. In more recent times, the use of garlic in dog and cats foods has been questioned because there is evidence that at high doses it can cause toxicity (its close relative, onions, are also quite toxic when fed raw). Whilst this is true, the reported toxic doses are in the order of one large clove of garlic per 5kg bodyweight of animal daily (which is a very high dose), and it is…

Grains or No Grains?

30 March, 2023

Grains or No Grains? What is the answer to feeding or not feeding them to your pet? As you may have discovered by investigation, there is a variety of information on the inclusion of grains in a pets diet. Should you add them, lots of them, a small portion of grains or no grains at all? Did you know? Are Grains Safe? Yes, they are safe when implementing them into your pet’s diet. See below for my reasons why: Dogs Versus Cats What is the difference between dogs and cats when it comes to grains? Lenny’s Kitchen Natural & Complete…

Healthy Fast Food For Your Pets

8 September, 2015

You can provide Healthy Fast Food For Your Pets with little fuss to ensure they stay healthy and happy. We all know the old saying ‘you are what you eat’, and if this is the case, then it is no wonder that our loyal companions are suffering from such a variety of acute and chronic health complaints. Can you imagine living on take away food your whole life? Some animals have never eaten any fresh food, living on processed foods totally. It is certainly possible to do, but you could not expect to be feeling fantastic all the time on this…

Herbal Medicine For Animals

20 December, 2019

Herbal Medicine For Animals: Most animals are natural herbalists, often seeking out particular herbs when needed, if they have access to a wide variety of species. Dogs and cats will occasionally be seen chewing on lemon grass, comfrey, couch grass and other plants. Horses, cows, sheep and goats have been seen to eat some herbs only at particular times of the year, or if they have a specific need for them. Most pets today, do not have access to the range of herbs, grasses and trees they would have in the wild. So by growing a few common herbs around…

Homeopathic stress relief for animals

10 February, 2017

Your animal’s behaviour is the best indicator if they are suffering from anxiety and stress. They tell us a lot by their actions, their physiological responses, and sometimes by the “evidence” they’ve left while you’ve been at work. Some dogs howl all day long when left home alone. Dogs or cats that feel threatened may show aggressive behaviour towards other animals as a way of protecting themselves. Loud noises from fireworks, storms and thunder may cause some pets to become totally panic stricken. Some animals will destroy furniture, scratch up the place or relieve themselves when experiencing extreme anxiety. Panting,…

How Healthy is Your Pet’s Liver?

18 March, 2021

How Healthy is Your Pet’s Liver? The liver is the largest and one of the most important organs in the body. It has a number of very important tasks and is involved directly or indirectly, in all physiological processes. It plays a vital role in the digestive process, facilitating the secretion of bile and is also involved in the metabolism of carbohydrates, fats and proteins, maintaining blood sugar levels, storage of fat soluble vitamins, and inactivating hormones, but one of its main functions is to cleanse and filter the blood stream. Liver disease and impaired liver function generally result from…

Hyperactive Pets

8 September, 2015

Hyperactive Pets: A Natural Approach. Hyperactive pets present in the form of excessive barking, aggression, excitability, obsessive personality, irritability, extreme nervousness or erratic behaviour, then this may not necessarily be due to inadequate training. These animals are often trying to tell you something or simply cannot help themselves or the way they feel due to outside influences. In these cases, any form of training seems to be totally ineffective. It can often be extremely beneficial to speak with an animal communicator to help find out why the animal is behaving in this way and what you can do about it. Poor…

Inflammation in Cats & Dogs

14 July, 2021

Inflammation in cats and dogs is a common physiological response, typically triggered by injury or illness. It serves as the body’s mechanism for protection and self-healing by expanding blood vessels and dispatching white blood cells to the affected area. While this immune response is essential for survival, it can at times spiral out of control. When this happens, the healthy inflammatory response doesn’t switch off when it is meant to, which causes chronic, low-grade inflammation. While acute inflammation helps the body heal, chronic inflammation can be harmful and is associated with various health problems and increases the risk for disease….

Is Kibble the Healthiest Option for Dogs and Cats?

22 August, 2025

Many pet carers are told that kibble is the healthiest option for dogs and cats, and that it even helps keep teeth clean. While kibble is convenient and widely available, it’s worth taking a closer look at what goes into it and how it affects your pet’s health. From dehydration to processed ingredients, and even its impact on dental health, there are several important factors to consider when deciding what’s best for your furry friends. Kibble and Dehydration Kibble is made by cooking and drying ingredients to create a shelf-stable product. This process removes most of the natural moisture, so…

Is Your Home Pet-Friendly

22 September, 2025

Natural cleaning, safe indoor plants, calming spaces and minimal chemicals.  Creating a Safer, Calmer Space for Your Dogs & Cats We all want our homes to be a sanctuary for us and our animals. But many everyday products and design choices can unknowingly impact our pets’ wellbeing. The good news? A few simple swaps can make a big difference to their health, comfort, and happiness.  Here’s how to make your home more pet-friendly, naturally.  1. Choose Natural Cleaning Products  Many mainstream cleaning sprays, floor products and disinfectants contain ingredients that are harmful (or even toxic) to pets, especially if they…

Itchy Skin – Natural Support for Pets

13 May, 2024

Itchy Skin is one of the most common questions we get asked at Greenpet. My dog or cat has itchy skin and its not fleas, what can you do to help?ORMy horse is scratching on everything until he or she is bleeding and causing injury. Is there anything that can help?   For Itchy Horses – Click here Well, the answer is YES, natural therapies can greatly assist dogs, cats and horses with itchy skin conditions. Skin problems and allergies are becoming increasingly prevalent among domestic animals today. Using drugs to relieve the itch is not the answer for long-term relief from this…

Keeping Cats Hydrated. Natural Ways to Support Urinary Health & Prevent UTIs

20 October, 2025

Cats are famous for being fussy drinkers. In the wild, their prey provides most of their moisture, so many modern cats on dry diets don’t instinctively drink enough water. Over time, low moisture intake can contribute to urinary tract infections (UTIs), bladder inflammation (feline cystitis), and even urinary crystals. The good news? A few simple, natural habits can help keep your cat hydrated and their urinary system healthy. 1. Encourage More Water Intake Multiple Water StationsPlace fresh bowls of water in several quiet spots around the house. Cats often prefer to drink away from their food and litter tray. Wide,…

Leaky Gut in Dogs & Cats

11 August, 2023

Leaky gut syndrome, also known as intestinal permeability, is a condition that affects both dogs and cats. It occurs when the lining of the gastrointestinal tract becomes damaged, allowing toxins, undigested food particles, and bacteria to leak into the bloodstream. This can trigger a cascade of health issues, ranging from digestive problems to immune system disorders and food sensitivities. The most common causes of leaky gut in dogs & cats is chronic low-grade inflammation which may occur as a result of toxicity, poor diet, overuse of medications, bacterial imbalance (dysbiosis), parasites, food allergies & autoimmune diseases. Diet and Nutrition One…

Mange Mites – How to Manage Naturally

29 July, 2024

Mange mites are tiny parasites that can turn a once healthy-looking pet into a sad and sorry sight indeed. Mange is caused from a mite that burrows under the skin causing discomfort or itching, infection and unsightly hair loss. There are different types of mange mites the most common being sarcoptic mange and demodectic mange. Mange will generally only affect animals with depressed immune function. It is necessary to visit your veterinarian for correct diagnosis of mange, where he or she will do a skin scraping to determine the presence of mites, which are not visible to the naked eye….

Minerals For Healthy Animals

13 May, 2024

Minerals For Healthy Animals: Minerals are essential for optimum health for all living species. Requirements differ from one species to the next, but they all need adequate amounts of each mineral for healthy bodily functions. Mineral deficiencies can lead to disease and so can mineral excesses. Therefore, getting the correct amount in the right ratios is the key to optimum health. Most natural diets will provide these minerals in appropriate balances but most commercially prepared diets don’t. Dogs and cats fed on commercial food often suffer from severe imbalances. This is because it is impossible to provide all the nutrients…

Natural Stress Relief for Animals

11 July, 2024

While most of us know the impact of high stress levels on our own health, many people never stop and think about whether our animals are also suffering from similar stresses. With a busy lifestyle you may get stressed out over traffic, work pressures, finances, world events or family problems and although animal’s lives are much more simplified, they can also be filled with everyday stress. Many people still believe that animals do not have the same feelings and emotions as we do, because they don’t talk or cry, but this doesn’t mean they don’t suffer in silence. To try…

Naturopathy For Animals

8 September, 2015

Naturopathy For Animals is an alternative form of healing using only natural, non-invasive, drug-free methods, to prevent and treat illness in animals. Different modalities such as homeopathy, herbal medicine, flower essences, mineral therapy, massage, nutrition, or any combination of these may be used in the treatment, depending on the particular animal & the condition being treated. Some of the many conditions that can benefit from naturopathic treatment are: Skin disorders such as eczema, flea allergies, mange, warts and ringworm. Ear problems, mites and infections, eye discharge, arthritis, allergies, fleas and ticks, kidney, heart and liver problems, chronic infections, digestive problems,…

Pet Obesity

2 July, 2024

Pet Obesity is a sensitive topic and one that can be an awkward subject to discuss with pet owners. However more awareness needs to be raised around pet obesity as it’s become one of the biggest health threats to our pets today! The Australian Veterinary Association (AVA) 2024 survey results reported that 41% of dogs and 32% of cats are either overweight or obese. Obesity not only makes your pet very uncomfortable, but also decreases their lifespan. This is due to the significant burden placed on the various body systems. Obesity contributes to conditions such as osteoarthritis, cardiovascular disease, heat…

Pottenger Cat Study

15 April, 2016

The Pottenger cat study came about like many great discoveries, Dr Francis M Pottenger accidentally found that his laboratory cats were noticeably healthier when fed on a diet of raw meats rather than cooked meats. Dr Pottenger, a human doctor, was involved in using cats to assess the potency of adrenal extracts for use in human medicine. Pottenger’s cats were fed on table scraps from the local restaurant. When the restaurant closed during the off season, he was forced to source his meat scraps directly from the local abbatoir (which came raw). During the time he was feeding the raw…

Probiotics for Dogs, Cats & Horses

23 January, 2025

Ensuring your furry friend’s gut health is paramount to their overall well-being. Probiotics play a crucial role in supporting digestion, boosting immunity, and maintaining a balanced internal ecosystem. These microorganisms support your animal’s health by: Probiotics can help manage various conditions: To select the most effective probiotic for your pet, consider the following essential factors: While it might be tempting to share your own probiotics with your pet, it’s important to recognize that animals have unique gastrointestinal (GI) tracts. Human probiotics may not provide the same benefits to animals and could even be ineffective. Therefore, choose probiotics specifically formulated for…

Raw Feeding Dogs & Cats – A Vet’s Perspective

28 July, 2016

Raw Feeding Dogs & Cats has been a much debated topic due to the potential risks of food poisoning, salmonella infection and the dangers of feeding bones to dogs. So it may be of interest to note that much of this information (or mis-information) relates back to the very nature of the gastric environment of the dog and cat, which in turn, is directly related to diet. Gastric Acidity, Digesting Bones, Gut Transit Time and Salmonella The gastric acidity (gastric pH) of the stomach of a dog or cat eating a diet predominantly made up of raw meat is very…

Sea Vegetables for Pets

23 September, 2024

Sea vegetables (seaweed) are edible marine plants and algae. Extremely nutrient-dense, sea vegetables have a mineral content 10 times greater than plants grown in soil and support various aspects of your pet’s health. Rich in fibre, they are highly digestible and support your pet’s gut microbiome. Seaweed may improve thyroid function, support heart health, reduce insulin resistance, increase energy and help maintain healthy skin and coat. Sea vegetables also aid in detoxification, as they contain natural compounds that help eliminate heavy metals and other toxins from the body. We recommend the following sea vegetables for your pets: To incorporate sea…

Skin Allergies – Natural Alternatives

8 September, 2015

Skin Allergies are extremely common in dogs and cats today, and it’s not just fleas that are causing the problem. It is becoming increasingly common for domestic pets to have skin allergies or sensitivities.  They may react to anything from fleas, grasses, weeds, shampoos, household chemicals, chlorinated water, preservatives or certain foods. Skin allergies can show up as excessive itching, dry and flaky skin, hot spots, eczema, dull or greasy coat, dandruff, excessive licking, chewing at paws, fur loss or smelly coat. External parasites can also be a major cause such as mange (mites), lice, ticks, fleas or fungal conditions…

Smelly Pets – Why do they stink?

5 April, 2024

If your pet has started smelling for no apparent reason, it may have something to do with their failing hygiene or underlying health problems. Common causes of persistent odour: Addressing the root cause of your pet’s odour is crucial for their overall health and well-being. Regular check-ups, proper grooming, a balanced, natural, raw food diet, and a clean environment can all contribute to keeping your pet smelling fresh and healthy. If you’re unsure why your pet smells or if the odour persists despite your efforts, don’t hesitate to seek guidance from our naturopath via an online consultation.

Struvite Crystals Natural Options

10 March, 2016

Struvite Crystals Natural Options: Generally speaking, struvite stones / crystals will form when the animal’s urine pH becomes neutral or alkaline (pH 7 or greater) and urine is concentrated. Carnivores (dogs and cats) that eat a fresh red meat based diet naturally produce acidic urine which prevents this crystal formation. The food itself has a natural water content of 60-70%, which assists in preventing dehydration and excessive concentration of urine (especially in cats). Diets that are too high in cereal and vegetable levels will result in a more alkaline urine, which is typical of many dry foods and tinned foods. …

Tempting Fussy Eaters

17 October, 2023

Do you have a fussy pet that will not eat anything but a particular brand of pet food or only one type of meat or fish and nothing else?

The Importance of Offal

19 January, 2024

The Importance of Offal: A natural and nutritionally balanced raw food diet is extremely important in maintaining optimum health for all animals and one of the foundations of Animal Naturopathy. Within the realm of raw feeding, one component stands out for its unparalleled nutritional value – offal, or organ meats. Carnivores instinctively consume the organs of their prey, along with meat, bones, stomach contents, along with skin, fur and feathers. Since domestic pets do not consume whole prey, it falls upon us to provide a balanced diet to meet their nutritional requirements adequately. Nutrient Density Offal serves as a nutrient…

Tips on Giving Herbal Remedies to Your Dog or Cat

15 March, 2018

Tips on Giving Herbal Remedies to Your Dog or Cat: We have listed some of our tips on giving herbal remedies or supplements to your dog or cat. The easiest way to give herbs or supplements to your pets is by mixing them into your dog or cats food. However, some cats or fussy dogs can smell anything added to their food and will refuse to eat it. So if you need to administer remedies regularly, this can become very distressing for both the animal and yourself. Once they see you with the bottle, they run a mile and hide!…

Toxic Foods

16 December, 2020

Toxic Foods: It often comes naturally, the more we love our four legged friends, the more we want to pamper them. However, when we sometimes instinctively go to ‘treat’ them with some of our leftovers or share a portion of food we can sometimes be doing more harm than good. Animals digest differently, and there are a number of regular human foods that can unknowingly be toxic to your animals. Some of the more dangerous human foods for animals, and their potential effects, are as follows: Macadamia Nuts Can cause vomiting, lethargy, hyperthermia, abdominal pain, stiff joints, lameness, tremors or…

Travel Anxiety – Avoid the stress.. and the mess!

16 September, 2024

Travel Anxiety – Avoid the stress and the mess! It’s a warm, sunny day so you’ve hopped in the car with your dog to head to the park. Suddenly, Fido doesn’t look so good. Before you’ve had time to pull over, his breakfast has been decanted unceremoniously all over your back seat. Pet motion sickness and travel anxiety is all too familiar. In extreme cases, it can severely limit the experiences that we can enjoy with our pets. No more hiking weekends away with your four-legged friend. No more trips to the beach (unless you’re lucky enough to be within…

Turmeric for Health

21 October, 2019

Most people are familiar with the turmeric spice used in Indian and Asian cooking. Turmeric is a member of the ginger family, a native to middle eastern and southeast Asian countries. It has been used in cooking for thousands of years and has been widely used in Chinese and Ayurvedic medicine for centuries for its many health benefits. The active ingredient is curcumin which is an anti-inflammatory and is therefore a great food additive for pets as well as people. Curcumin may also help to stimulate bile production which can help the liver to process fats and remove waste from…

Urinary Incontinence – Help with ‘puddle problems’

23 September, 2024

Does your dog or cat need help with ‘puddle problems’? A damp and smelly pet, or a pet who doesn’t quite make it to the litter box or garden can become a frustration, and the constant washing and deodorising can become a burden for the household dealing with the issue. What Is Urinary Incontinence? This “leaky” problem is basically the loss of bladder control in your pet. The severity can range from occasional light leakage and dampness, to the point where they can’t hold on to alleviate themselves in the right spot – outside for dogs or in a litter…

Vaccination Alternatives

8 September, 2015

Vaccination Alternatives: This is a very controversial topic and there have been many arguments from both sides as to the safety and effectiveness. There is a growing number of Veterinarians and Doctors that are speaking out, about the hidden dangers of over-vaccination and much of this evidence is not relayed to the general public. Vaccination is not 100% effective in preventing the specific disease, and the risk of side-effects is high. Many people have noticed side-effects within hours, days or weeks after their pet has been vaccinated, but often it is dismissed as not being related to the vaccine. These…

What’s the Best Type of Pet Bowls?

27 May, 2025

Julie’s Picks – Stainless Steel, Ceramic & Glass When it comes to something as simple as a bowl, the choices might surprise you! From plastic to bamboo to elevated sets, the options can get overwhelming. But when it comes to health, hygiene, and durability, we like to keep it simple and natural. Here’s a quick breakdown of the best materials for your pet’s food and water bowls – and why we love them. Stainless Steel Bowls Stainless steel bowls are a favourite for a reason – * Super Hygienic – easy to clean and doesn’t retain bacteria. * Non-Porous –…

Why Clean, Fresh Water is Essential for Your Pet’s Health 

6 October, 2025

We all know the importance of clean water for ourselves, but did you know that your pet’s water quality matters just as much?  Just like humans, dogs and cats rely on fresh, safe water to support every system in their body, from digestion and joint function to temperature regulation and healthy organ function. But not all water is created equal, and the quality of what goes into their bowl can make a big difference to their long-term health.  Tap Water – What’s the Problem?  While tap water may seem like the easy option, it often contains added chemicals such as…

Worm & Parasite Control

3 January, 2025

Intestinal worms are a common issue for dogs and cats, and unfortunately, no furry friend is entirely immune. These parasites feed off the waste products in your pet’s digestive system, and while most dogs and cats will encounter worms at some point in their lives, it’s important to keep them in check to avoid any health issues. While a small number of worms may not cause harm, a large infestation can lead to serious problems. Some of the most common worms affecting dogs and cats are: roundworms, hookworm, whipworms, tapeworm and heartworm. In most cases it is difficult to know…